Skip to main content

Asara B’Tevet in January or December

Asara B’Tevet / עֲשָׂרָה בְּטֵבֵת, the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tevet, is a minor fast day in Judaism. The fast commemorates the siege of Jerusalem.

Although the Tenth of Tevet is an annual observance on the Hebrew calendar, the date can fall during December or January on the Gregorian calendar. In some Gregorian years, there is no observance of the fast. In other Gregorian years, the fast is observed twice.

For example, the Tenth of Tevet does not occur at all in during the Gregorian year 2024. The fast for Hebrew year 5785 will be observed in January 2025, and the Asara B’Tevet 5786 observance of the fast will be in occur in December 2025.

To illustrate further, consider the following 8-year table:

Hebrew DateGregorian Date
10 Tevet 5780Tuesday, January 7, 2020
10 Tevet 5781Friday, December 25, 2020
10 Tevet 5782Tuesday, December 14, 2021
10 Tevet 5783Tuesday, January 3, 2023
10 Tevet 5784Friday, December 22, 2023
10 Tevet 5785Friday, January 10, 2025
10 Tevet 5786Tuesday, December 30, 2025
10 Tevet 5787Sunday, December 20, 2026

Triennial Torah Readings

The Hebcal Torah Reading pages specify both the traditional full kriyah (reading the entire weekly Torah portion each Shabbat) and also a triennial cycle specified by the Conservative Movement in the United States.

“Many congregations pattern their weekly Torah reading cycle after a system similar to the one used in ancient Israel during the rabbinic period. In this system, the traditional parashiot are each divided into three shorter segments, and the whole Torah is completed once every three years. The system has both advantages and disadvantages, but its ability to shorten the length of Torah reading without sacrificing the complete reading of the Torah on a regular basis has made it the choice of some synagogues in the Conservative Movement.”

A Complete Triennial System for Reading the Torah, Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly, 1988, emended 1995

Triennial Haftarot

Hebcal displays an optional alternate Haftarah according to Haftarot for a Triennial Cycle Torah Reading, Avram Israel Reisner, 2014.

UK Reform Judaism

The UK Reform Judaism movement publishes its own triennial Torah & Haftarah schedule.

Updates and modifications to Conservative triennial schedule for Diaspora

Update August 2022: for Parashat Vayakhel and Parashat Pekudei, Hebcal uses the modification provided in An Emendation to Richard Eisenberg’s Complete Triennial System for Reading Torah, to Address a Rare Situation, Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly, 2012

Update December 2021: Hebcal adopted CJLS’s modifications triennial cycle for some combined parshiyot to change the reading for year 3 to be the third section of the parashah. Modification of the Triennial Cycle Readings for Combined Parashot in Certain Years, Rabbi Miles B. Cohen, 2020

Masorti triennial schedule for Israel

Although there is no formally specified triennial cycle for the Masorti movement in Israel, Hebcal began publishing a draft schedule in May 2023. Due to differences in the Torah readings schedule based on keeping only a single day of chag in Israel, the Diaspora triennial system does not work for a small number of parsha combinations that can occur in Israel.

In particular, Behar-Bechukotai and Matot-Masei occasionally occur with different 3-year patterns in Israel that never occur in the Diaspora. Rather than invent new aliyot divisions for Israel, we have adapted/reused the existing triennial variations used in the Diaspora.

Here is the draft schedule with some example years where the 3-year patterns occur.

Behar-Bechukotai

Matot-Masei: 3-year pattern “STS” (Separate in 5774, Together in 5775, Separate in 5776)

Vulnerability Acknowledgements for Hebcal online services

Hebcal would like to thank the following individuals and organizations that have privately reported security issues that affected the Hebcal.com website or online services and agreed to be listed.

To report an issue in Hebcal.com, please contact security@hebcal.com. Please allow a reasonable time (1-2 business days) for a response after reporting.

2024 Acknowledgements

  • Parth Narula (https://www.linkedin.com/in/parth-narula-86283821a/)
  • Gaurang Maheta (https://www.linkedin.com/in/gaurang883/)
  • AKHIL C.D. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/akhil-c-d-661abb292/)
  • Divya Chaudhari (https://www.linkedin.com/in/divya-chaudhari299/)
  • Shivam Dhingra (https://linkedin.com/in/shivam-dhingra)
  • Ashish Solanke (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ashish-solanke-ab2680229/)
  • Raghav Arora (https://www.linkedin.com/in/thatraghavarora)
  • Vaibhav Jain (https://www.linkedin.com/in/vaibhav-jain-aa5680254/)
  • Jagdish Dube (https://www.linkedin.com/in/jd299/)
  • ALLWIN.E (https://www.linkedin.com/in/allwin-e)
  • Onkar Borude (https://www.linkedin.com/in/onkar-borude/)

2023 Acknowledgements

  • Ezio Paglia (https://www.openbugbounty.org/researchers/EzioPaglia/)
  • Shivam Khambe (https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivam-pravin-khambe-9a982b180/)
  • SYP Ltd (https://www.openbugbounty.org/researchers/SYPltd/)

Daily learning: Tehillim (Psalms)

We have added the monthly cycle of studying Tehillim (Psalms) to our daily learning calendars.

Each day, we study a few chapters from the 150-chapter book of Psalms (Tehillim). The entire book is completed on the final day of each Hebrew month. On months with 29 days, the 30th portion is combined with the 29th portion.

For example, the reading for the 18th of Sivan, 5783 (Wednesday, 7 June 2023) is Psalms 88-89.

You’ll find the calendar feed for Apple, Google, Outlook on the Jewish Holiday downloads page.

Candle-lighting, Havdalah & Fast times

Hebcal can generate Candle-lighting & Havdalah times for Shabbat and holidays, and start and end times for fast days. Over 100,000 world cities are supported.

Candle-lighting times / הַדְלָקַת נֵרוֹת

By default, candle lighting time is 18 minutes before sundown (40 minutes for Jerusalem, 30 minutes for Haifa and Zikhron Ya’akov) on Erev Shabbat (Friday) and Erev Chag (Rosh Hashana, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Shmini Atzeret, Simchat Torah, Pesach, Shavuot).

Hebcal gives an option to specify a different number of minutes before sunset if you don’t follow the 18-minute minhag (for example, some light candles 20 minutes before sundown).

Chanukah candle-lighting times are at civil dusk (solar depression of 6 degrees) on weekdays. Chanukah candles are lit just before Shabbat candles on Friday, and immediately after Havdalah on Saturday night.

Havdalah / הַבְדָּלָה

Havdalah is calculated according to tzeit hakochavim / צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים, the point when 3 small stars are observable in the night sky with the naked eye (sun 8.5° below the horizon). This option is an excellent default for most places on the planet.

Hebcal also offers the option to use a fixed number of minutes past sundown. Typically one would enter 42 min for three medium-sized stars, 50 min for three small stars, 72 min for Rabbeinu Tam, or 0 to suppress Havdalah times.

Fast times

Minor fasts begin in the morning at alot haShachar / עֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר (solar depression 16.1 degrees) and conclude at tzeit for 3 medium sized stars (solar depression 7.083 degrees). Both start and end times are displayed for following minor fasts:

  • Tzom Gedaliah
  • Asara B’Tevet
  • Ta’anit Esther
  • Tzom Tammuz

Hebcal displays only a start time for Ta’anit Bechorot because customs vary about when to end the fast (often at a siyyum at the conclusion of morning services).

Major fasts (Yom Kippur and Tish’a B’Av) begin just before sunset at regular candle-lighting time and conclude at Havdalah time. On Yom Kippur, fast start and end times are indicated with the regular “Candle lighting” and “Havdalah” event titles.

A note about accuracy

How accurate are candle lighting times?

If you ever have any doubts about Hebcal times, consult your local halachic authority.

If you select a location (or enter geographic coordinates) above the arctic circle or below the antarctic circle, the times are guaranteed to be wrong. The NOAA algorithm used to calculate the position of the sun is inaccurate at extreme northern and southern latitudes.